Suplementación de selenio y actividad de la enzima glutatión peroxidasa en suero sanguíneo en cerdos: un metanálisis

Jimmy Quisirumbay-Gaibor; Carlos Vílchez Perales

Jimmy Quisirumbay-Gaibor *Doctorado en Ciencia Animal, Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú. **Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Ciudadela Universitaria, Quito, Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1612-8503
Carlos Vílchez Perales *Doctorado en Ciencia Animal, Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú

Resumen

Antecedentes: La evaluación de la actividad de la enzima glutatión peroxidasa (GSH-Px) como indicador de los niveles de selenio (Se) ha sido extensivamente estudiada con resultados variables entre estudios. El objetivo de este artículo fue determinar el efecto de la suplementación de Se sobre la actividad de GSH-Px medida en suero sanguíneo y el posible impacto de otros nutrientes dietéticos y elementos del diseño experimental sobre la variable respuesta. Métodos: Se utilizó la técnica de metanálisis bajo el modelo de efectos aleatorios que incluyó tamaño de efecto, heterogeneidad, metaregresión y sesgo de publicación. Resultados: La suplementación dietética de selenio incrementa (P < 0,00001) la actividad enzimática en el análisis general (0,326 unidades.mL-1) como cuando las fuentes suplementadas fueron inorgánica (0,327 unidades.mL-1), orgánica (0,325 unidades.mL-1), en lechones (0,261 unidades.mL-1) y cerdos en crecimiento-finalización (0,328 unidades.mL-1). El efecto de la suplementación sobre la actividad de la enzima no se presentó de manera consistente entre los estudios como lo reflejan los valores en la prueba de inconsistencia (> 95 %). En las metaregresiones se determinó que la actividad de GSH-Px se ve afectada (P < 0,001) por número de repeticiones por tratamiento, número de individuos por unidad experimental, número de individuos muestreados por unidad experimental, nivel de selenio, cobre, zinc, vitaminas A y E en el alimento. Conclusiones: De esta investigación se concluye que la suplementación dietética de Se, favorece la actividad de GSH-Px medida en suero y que existen varios factores relacionados al diseño experimental y otros nutrientes con función antioxidante que afectan la variable en estudio.

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