Principales factores que modifican el sistema inmune en camarones peneidos estrategias para un cultivo sostenible
Resumen
Introducción: Con la expansión de enfermedades de camarones a nivel mundial durante las últimas dos décadas incrementó el estudio de factores que modifican el sistema inmune. Revisar los principales factores que modifican la respuesta inmune en camarones peneidos.
Desarrollo: Los factores que afectan el sistema inmune del camarón se clasifican en bióticos y abióticos. Entre los factores abióticos se encuentran la temperatura, la salinidad, el pH y la presencia de compuestos nitrogenados en el medio de cría. Entre los factores bióticos se destaca la caracterización de las microbiotas externas e internas de los animales, el análisis de compuestos bioactivos propios del hábitat y el desarrollo de nuevas metodologías sostenibles en el cultivo como el uso de probióticos y de la tecnología de los flóculos biológicos (biofloc). El sistema inmune se caracteriza por ser especialmente susceptible a los cambios del ambiente. La microbiota y compuestos bioactivos pueden ser importantes herramientas para potenciar el sistema inmune; sin embargo, aún se conoce poco como podría ser utilizada de manera práctica.
Conclusiones: El uso de probióticos y de la tecnología de flóculos biológicos puede ser de gran utilidad para potenciar la respuesta del sistema inmune de manera práctica y hacer los cultivos sostenibles, aun cuando se desconozca el mecanismo por el cual ejercen su efecto.
Palabras claves: Factores abióticos, biofloc, probióticos, respuesta inmune, camarón (Fuente: MESH)
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