Actions to Restore Degraded Soil in the Southern Coastline of Guantanamo
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Jan 1, 2017
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In the southern coastline of the province of Guantanamo, Cuba, there are communities that have lost several hectares of soil and biodiversity due to land mismanagement. "Los Cerezos" community is located in the municipality of Imias, as part of the “Eliomar Noa” UBPC (Basic Unit for Cooperated Production), which uses 99.2% of their areas for livestock raising. The land is on hills covered with xerophytic bushes; signs of degradation are clearly observed. Restoration is one alternative to revert this situation. It constitutes an effective preservation technique implemented by man to achieve optimum recovery of degraded ecosystems close to their original states. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the results achieved after recovery of local soils, using restoration techniques. Research was done in a fragmented forest, on typical red-brown fersiallitic soil, where the limiting factors were determined (rills, slopes, effective depth, organic matter content, rocks, and erosion), as well as other negative factors that may have an effect on vegetation growth. Common Ligum-vitae (Guaiacum officinalis L.) was used for reforestation due to its adaptability to the ecosystem. The restoration works helped create the conditions for progressive recovery of the areas and mitigate soil degradation, with a decrease in losses of 1 036 t. ha-1 every year, thanks to barrier accumulation.
In the southern coastline of the province of Guantanamo, Cuba, there are communities that have lost several hectares of soil and biodiversity due to land mismanagement. "Los Cerezos" community is located in the municipality of Imias, as part of the “Eliomar Noa” UBPC (Basic Unit for Cooperated Production), which uses 99.2% of their areas for livestock raising. The land is on hills covered with xerophytic bushes; signs of degradation are clearly observed. Restoration is one alternative to revert this situation. It constitutes an effective preservation technique implemented by man to achieve optimum recovery of degraded ecosystems close to their original states. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the results achieved after recovery of local soils, using restoration techniques. Research was done in a fragmented forest, on typical red-brown fersiallitic soil, where the limiting factors were determined (rills, slopes, effective depth, organic matter content, rocks, and erosion), as well as other negative factors that may have an effect on vegetation growth. Common Ligum-vitae (Guaiacum officinalis L.) was used for reforestation due to its adaptability to the ecosystem. The restoration works helped create the conditions for progressive recovery of the areas and mitigate soil degradation, with a decrease in losses of 1 036 t. ha-1 every year, thanks to barrier accumulation.
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Resumen
ABSTRACT
In the southern coastline of the province of Guantanamo, Cuba, there are communities that have lost several hectares of soil and biodiversity due to land mismanagement. "Los Cerezos" community is located in the municipality of Imias, as part of the “Eliomar Noa” UBPC (Basic Unit for Cooperated Production), which uses 99.2% of their areas for livestock raising. The land is on hills covered with xerophytic bushes; signs of degradation are clearly observed. Restoration is one alternative to revert this situation. It constitutes an effective preservation technique implemented by man to achieve optimum recovery of degraded ecosystems close to their original states. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the results achieved after recovery of local soils, using restoration techniques. Research was done in a fragmented forest, on typical red-brown fersiallitic soil, where the limiting factors were determined (rills, slopes, effective depth, organic matter content, rocks, and erosion), as well as other negative factors that may have an effect on vegetation growth. Common Ligum-vitae (Guaiacum officinalis L.) was used for reforestation due to its adaptability to the ecosystem. The restoration works helped create the conditions for progressive recovery of the areas and mitigate soil degradation, with a decrease in losses of 1 036 t. ha-1 every year, thanks to barrier accumulation.
In the southern coastline of the province of Guantanamo, Cuba, there are communities that have lost several hectares of soil and biodiversity due to land mismanagement. "Los Cerezos" community is located in the municipality of Imias, as part of the “Eliomar Noa” UBPC (Basic Unit for Cooperated Production), which uses 99.2% of their areas for livestock raising. The land is on hills covered with xerophytic bushes; signs of degradation are clearly observed. Restoration is one alternative to revert this situation. It constitutes an effective preservation technique implemented by man to achieve optimum recovery of degraded ecosystems close to their original states. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the results achieved after recovery of local soils, using restoration techniques. Research was done in a fragmented forest, on typical red-brown fersiallitic soil, where the limiting factors were determined (rills, slopes, effective depth, organic matter content, rocks, and erosion), as well as other negative factors that may have an effect on vegetation growth. Common Ligum-vitae (Guaiacum officinalis L.) was used for reforestation due to its adaptability to the ecosystem. The restoration works helped create the conditions for progressive recovery of the areas and mitigate soil degradation, with a decrease in losses of 1 036 t. ha-1 every year, thanks to barrier accumulation.
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Fernández Betanc, I., Blanco Imbert, A., Limeres Jiménez, T., Cintra Arencibia, M., Fuentes Quintana, J., Sanchez Rojas, R., Castillo, A., & Pineda Labañino, A. (2017). Actions to Restore Degraded Soil in the Southern Coastline of Guantanamo. Agrisost, 23(1), 11-17. Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.reduc.edu.cu/index.php/agrisost/article/view/1992
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Baza, L. (2012). Informe sobre de las condiciones climáticas de los sitios demostrativos “Los Cerezos, Imías. Centro Meteorológico Provincial Guantánamo. Proyecto 1 OP-15. Centro de Investigación suelos Guantánamo, Guantánamo (ISMET). Inédito. Cuba. 5p.
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Lamb, D., A. Andrade, G. Shepherd, K. Bowers, y S. Alexander. (2011). Building resilience when restoring degraded ecosystems: Improving biodiversity values and socioeconomic benefits to communities. Pages 57-59 En: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, editor. Contribution of Ecosystem Restoration to the Objectives of the CBD and a Healthy Planet for All People. Resúmenes de los carteles presentados en la décimo quinta reunión del Órgano de Asesoramiento Científico, Técnico y Tecnológico del Convenio sobre Diversidad Biológica. Series técnicas No. 62. SCBD, Montreal, Canadá.
Matos, J. y Ballate D. (2006). El ABC de la Restauración Ecológica. Empresa Nacional para la Protección de la Flora y la Fauna. Ed. Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Santa Clara. Cuba.
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Urquiza, N., Maria, C., A.; Flores, L, Ricardo, M. P., Aguilar Y. (2009). Programa de asociación del país. Proyecto1-fortalecimiento de capacidades para el planeamiento, toma de decisiones y sistemas regulatorios // sensibilización //l Manejo Sostenible de Tierras. CIEGA. CITMA, 201p.
Vargas, O. (2011). Restauración ecológica: biodiversidad y conservación. Acta Biológica Colombiana, Vol. 16, Núm. 2. 26 p. Retrieved from: http://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/actabiol/rt/printerFriendly/19280/28009.
Aronson, J., S. J. Milton, y J. N. Blignaut. (2007). Restoring Natural Capital: Definitions and rationale. pp. 3 - 8 En: J. Aronson, S. J. Milton, y J. N. Blignaut, editores. Restoring Natural Capital: Science, Business and Practice. Island Press, Washington, D. C. EE.UU.
Baza, L. (2012). Informe sobre de las condiciones climáticas de los sitios demostrativos “Los Cerezos, Imías. Centro Meteorológico Provincial Guantánamo. Proyecto 1 OP-15. Centro de Investigación suelos Guantánamo, Guantánamo (ISMET). Inédito. Cuba. 5p.
Bisse, J.(1988). Árboles de Cuba. La Habana, Cuba: Científico- Técnico. 369 p.
Clewell A., Rieger J., Munro J. (2005). Guidelines for Developing and Managing Ecological Restoration Projects, 2. Recuperado de: www.ser.org and Society for Ecological Restoration International.
Fuentes, A. y Martínez, O. (2001). Manual Técnico de estabilización y forestación de cárcavas en cuencas hidrográficas. - - C: Habana: AGRINFOR. 43 p.
Jiménez, P. J., O. Aguirre C., E. Treviño G., E. J. Garza, S. Medellín., G. Alanis F. Y E. Canales. (2002). Priorización: Grados de Riesgo y Daño en el Área y Vegetación. En: Curso de Restauración de Áreas Quemadas para ONG’S Conservacionistas. Fondo Mexicano para la Conservación de la Naturaleza. Agencia para el Desarrollo Internacional de Estados Unidos. 20 p.
John, F. (1993). Guaiacum officinale L. Lignumvitae, guayacán. SO-ITF-SM-67. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station. 4 p.
Jiménez, A. García, M., Sotolongo, R., González, M. y Martínez M. 2010. Productos forestales no madereros en la comunidad Soroa, Sierra del Rosario. Revista Forestal Baracoa 29(2):83-88.
Lamb, D., A. Andrade, G. Shepherd, K. Bowers, y S. Alexander. (2011). Building resilience when restoring degraded ecosystems: Improving biodiversity values and socioeconomic benefits to communities. Pages 57-59 En: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, editor. Contribution of Ecosystem Restoration to the Objectives of the CBD and a Healthy Planet for All People. Resúmenes de los carteles presentados en la décimo quinta reunión del Órgano de Asesoramiento Científico, Técnico y Tecnológico del Convenio sobre Diversidad Biológica. Series técnicas No. 62. SCBD, Montreal, Canadá.
Matos, J. y Ballate D. (2006). El ABC de la Restauración Ecológica. Empresa Nacional para la Protección de la Flora y la Fauna. Ed. Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Santa Clara. Cuba.
Ponce D. y Jiménez M.. (2003). Selección de especies a utilizar en la reforestación de áreas afectadas por la desertificación y la sequía. Instituto de investigaciones Forestales.Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/docs/eims/upload/cuba/1061/cuf0109s.pdf
Regalado L., González L., Fuentes I. y Oviedo R. (2012.) Las plantas invasoras. Introducción a los conceptos básicos. Bissea 6 (NE 1) - Febrero
Sol, A., Zenteno C. E., Zamora L. F. y Torres, E. (2004). Modelos para la restauración ecológicas en áreas alteradas. División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas- UJAT. Kuxulkab. Revista de Divulgación. Costa Rica. Vol. VII, No 14.
Urquiza, N., Maria, C., A.; Flores, L, Ricardo, M. P., Aguilar Y. (2009). Programa de asociación del país. Proyecto1-fortalecimiento de capacidades para el planeamiento, toma de decisiones y sistemas regulatorios // sensibilización //l Manejo Sostenible de Tierras. CIEGA. CITMA, 201p.
Vargas, O. (2011). Restauración ecológica: biodiversidad y conservación. Acta Biológica Colombiana, Vol. 16, Núm. 2. 26 p. Retrieved from: http://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/actabiol/rt/printerFriendly/19280/28009.