La castración inmunológica de los cerdos machos: estado actual
Resumen
Antecedentes: La ceba de los cerdos enteros tiene las desventajas del olor sexual en la carne y los problemas de bienestar por el comportamiento agresivo y la monta. La castración quirúrgica reduce estos comportamientos y facilita el manejo, incrementa el peso, mejora las cualidades de la carne y la libera de olor y sabor a verraco. Sin embargo, es una práctica polémica ya que causa heridas, dolor, estrés, somete a los animales a riesgos por infecciones, inflamaciones crónicas y complicaciones post-operatorias. Objetivo. Examinar el estado actual de la inmunocastración como alternativa viable a la castración quirúrgica de los cerdos machos.
Desarrollo: La inmunocastración es una opción segura, comercialmente factible, amigable con el bienestar animal y viable para la producción sostenible de cerdos, pues favorece la calidad de la carne, la rentabilidad económica y la protección del medio ambiente. Sin embargo, su aplicación es insuficiente, excepto en Australia, Brasil y Nueva Zelanda y predomina la castración quirúrgica en la mayoría de los países.
Conclusiones: La inmunocastración es una tecnología relativamente reciente, su aceptación, introducción y extensión pueden generar incertidumbres y resistencia por parte de los diferentes actores de la cadena de producción porcina. Esta práctica demanda de los productores mayor disciplina tecnológica para obtener los beneficios esperados. La extensión de su uso requiere su aprobación por todas las partes interesadas que integran la cadena de producción, además, mercados que demanden la carne de estos cerdos y de actores dispuestos a comercializarla.
Palabras claves: cerdos, GnRH, inmunocastración, vacunas peptídicas (Fuente: MeSH)
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